State · 2024-25 Final Estimates
Black Pepper in Kerala
29.5'000 tonnes · production, 2024-25#2 of 14 states
What the figures show
Kerala is the 2nd-largest black pepper producer in India, at 29.5 '000 tonnes in 2024-25, against 66 '000 tonnes in Karnataka. That is 28.2% of India's black pepper output in 2024-25. Output has fallen 14.6% since 2019-20, from 34.5 '000 tonnes to 29.5 '000 tonnes. The high was 34.5 '000 tonnes in 2019-20; 2024-25 is 14.6% below it. Yield here runs 0.4 tonnes per hectare against a national 0.4 — 17% above average. Its share of national output has moved from 33.2% in 2019-20 to 28.2% — losing ground.
Production, 2019-20 to 2024-25
'000 tonnes| Year | Production | Area | Share of India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-20 | 34.5 | 83.8 | 33.2% |
| 2020-21 | 33.6 | 82.1 | 23.9% |
| 2021-22 | 32.5 | 76.4 | 34.1% |
| 2022-23 | 27.7 | 73.7 | 23.6% |
| 2023-24 | 30.8 | 72.7 | 24.4% |
| 2024-25 | 29.5 | 69.9 | 28.2% |
Provenance receipt
TIER A · FINAL ESTIMATES
Source 1 of 2 · horticulture-all-india-2024-25-final
- Originator
- Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India
- Release
- 2024-25 (Final Estimates): Area and Production of Horticulture Crops
- Accessed
- 2026-08-15
Source 2 of 2 · spices-by-state-2019-20-to-2024-25
- Originator
- Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India
- Release
- Area and Production of Horticulture Crops — Final Estimates, one release per year
- Accessed
- 2026-09-14
- Workbook (2024-25)
- sha256 f65e5fdcbf9f176c…
- Estimate round
- Final Estimates
- Trust
- Primary source, final round — quotable as our figure without qualification.
What is wrong with this data (14)
- The workbook carries no publisher line of its own; attribution rests on the download page in source.url.
- 'Others' rows are unallocated residuals, not places. Never name one as a state.
- No crop is excluded; potato is included (the indianpotato-web carve-out was reversed on 2026-09-14).
- Crop names are the workbook's, with the '(i)' style bullet inside the Citrus block stripped; the sub-group is carried in `subgroup` instead.
- Category and sub-group totals ARE included, but carry kind = 'aggregate' and must be excluded before summing — they would double-count. Only kind = 'crop' rows are crops.
- Two categories are corrected against the sheet's own layout: it prints an 'Aromatics and Medicinal' header with no crops under it before the flower rows, and gives Honey no header. Flowers Cut/Loose are labelled Flowers, and Honey is labelled Honey.
- The workbooks carry no publisher line of their own; attribution rests on the download page in source.url.
- 'Others' rows are unallocated residuals, not places; they carry kind = 'residual'.
- Columns named TOTAL… or OTHER… are aggregates of the columns beside them, not crops. They are kept for the additivity check and carry kind != 'crop': none.
- Union Territories ARE included, from each workbook's separate UT sheet, and carry kind = 'ut'.
- State naming drifts between releases (Chhatisgarh/Chhattisgarh, Arunchal/Arunachal Pradesh). Normalise via the region registry before joining years — do not join on the raw string.
- A crop absent in one year's sheet is simply absent — it is not a zero.
- Potato is included. It was previously excluded so it could live only in indianpotato-web; that rule was reversed on 2026-09-14.
- Columns skipped because the release left their A/P sub-header blank (every value in them was empty, so no figure is lost): ['VANILLA'].
Cite the originator and the estimate round, not IndianAgri alone — these are Government of India statistics, compiled here. Original release.